What ratio of signals does a passive optical network (PON) utilize?

A passive optical network (PON) utilizes a branching system to distribute signals from a single optical fiber to multiple endpoints. In this configuration, a single optical signal can be split into multiple paths using passive components like optical splitters. This allows for cost-effective deployment of broadband services, as the infrastructure and resources are concentrated in fewer locations, reducing the amount of fiber needed and minimizing the overall network complexity.

The use of a branching system is advantageous because it allows multiple users to share the same fiber optic link, making it an efficient solution for providing high-speed internet access to homes and businesses. This architecture supports various implementations, such as Gigabit PON (GPON) and Ethernet PON (EPON), which are common in modern telecommunications systems.

Other options like direct connection, star topology, and mesh configuration do not accurately represent the design and functionality of a PON. A direct connection implies a one-to-one relationship, which is not how PONs function. A star topology typically involves active components and individual connections from a central hub, while a mesh configuration requires multiple pathways between nodes, increasing complexity rather than employing a passive distribution method. Thus, the branching system is the defining characteristic of how PONs operate.